Mobility Study for Named Data Networking in Wireless Access Networks

Information centric networking (ICN) proposes to redesign the Internet by replacing its host-centric design with information-centric design. Communication among entities is established at the naming level, with the receiver side (referred to as the Consumer) acting as the driving force behind content delivery, by interacting with the network through Interest message transmissions. One of the proposed advantages for ICN is its support for mobility, by de-coupling applications from transport semantics. However, so far, little research has been conducted to understand the interaction between ICN and mobility of consuming and producing applications, in protocols purely based on information-centric principles, particularly in the case of NDN. In this paper, we present our findings on the mobility-based performance of Named Data Networking (NDN) in wireless access networks. Through simulations, we show that the current NDN architecture is not efficient in handling mobility and architectural enhancements needs to be done to fully support mobility of Consumers and Producers.Comment: to appear in IEEE ICC 201

Crystal structure of the peanut lectin - T-antigen complex. Carbohydrate specificity generated by water bridges

Peanut lectin binds with high specificity to the tumour­ associated disaccharide GaI.81-3GaINAc, generally known as T-antigen. The crystal structure of the complex of the lectin with the disaccharide has been determined at 2.5 A resolution. Comparison of the structure with that of the corresponding complex with lactose reveals that the specificity of the lectin for T-antigen is generated primarily by two specific water­ mediated interactions, probably the first instance where water-bridges have been demonstrated to be responsi­ ble for generating specificity in protein-carbohydrate interactions. The elucidation of the structure of peanut lectin- T -antigen complex also provides a framework for exploring peanut lectin-based prognosis and diag­ nosis of certain types of carcinoma

Nootropic Effect of Celastrus paniculatus on Restraint Stress Induced Behavioral and Biochemical Changes in Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Stress most certainly plays a significant role in everyday life. The natural biological balance is disrupted by stressful events, which has a negative impact on normal physiological and psychological function. In the last 20 years, there hasn't been much advancement in the creation of medications, efficient drug delivery systems, or treatments for Central Nervous System (CNS)-related issues. The ancient Ayurvedic herb Celastrus paniculatus (CP) has been used for millennia as a memory booster, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, sedative, and antiepileptic drug. The neuropharmacological effects of the seed extract have been thoroughly studied in a variety of laboratories, and there are numerous findings that support their nootropic function. Aim: To investigate the effects of Celastrus paniculatus against restraint stress, induced behavioral and biochemical changes in male Wistar albino rats. Methods: The animals were divided into five groups. Each group includes six animals. Group I: Control, Group II: Restraint stress (6hrs for 21 days), Group III: Celastrus paniculatus (400mg/kg, orally) and restraint Stress, Group IV:  Celastrus paniculatus alone, Group V: Vehicle. The behavioral changes are assessed by Place Preference test, Elevated plus Maze. Animals were euthanized and the discrete regions of the brain were homogenized for biochemical estimation, such as Catalase, SOD, LPO, GPX, GSH, Vitamin C. Animal’s cognitive and anxiety-related behavior and antioxidants were examined the following day after the stress procedure and treatment. Results:  Following a period of 21 days of being subjected to restraint stress, the behavioral changes were reduced in stress group when compared to control group, and also the levels of Lipid peroxidase significant (P<0.05) increased in the restraint stress group as compared to the control group. Enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Vitamin C, Glutathione experienced a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the restraint stress group as opposed to the control group. Conclusion: Chronic restraint stress has adverse effects on the animal’s cognition, memory, and learning abilities as well as anxiety-related behavior. However, Celastrus paniculatus treatment shows enhanced performance in anxiety-related Behavior and antioxidant properties